MGT547

I) Single Tiered Architecture involves putting all of the required components for a software application or technology on a single server or platform. This kind of architecture is often contrasted with multi-tiered architecture or the three-tier architecture that's used for some Web applications and other technologies where various presentation, business and data access layers are housed separately. One-tier architecture is also known as single-tier architecture. Basically, a one-tier architecture keeps all of the elements of an application, including the interface, middle ware and back-end data, in one place. Developers see these types of systems as the simplest and most direct. Some experts describe them as applications that could be installed and run on a single computer. The need for distributed models for Web applications and cloud hosting solutions has created many situations where one-tier architectures are not sufficient. That caused three-tier or multi-tier architecture to become more popular. The benefits of a multi-tier solution are often evident. They can provide better security, better performance and more scalability, as well as individual environments for data centers and front-end applications. However, the appeal of a single-tier architecture can relate to the costs that are involved, where it might make more sense to keep simpler applications contained in one easy platform.

  



II) Two-Tiered Architecture is a software architecture in which a presentation layer or interface runs on a client, and a data layer or data structure gets stored on a server. Separating these two components into different locations represents a two-tier architecture, as opposed to a single-tier architecture. Experts often contrast a two-tier architecture to a three-tier architecture, where a third application or business layer is added that acts as an intermediary between the client or presentation layer and the data layer. This can increase the performance of the system and help with scalability. It can also eliminate many kinds of problems with confusion, which can be caused by multi-user access in two-tier architectures. However, the advanced complexity of three-tier architecture may mean more cost and effort. An additional note on two-tier architecture is that the word "tier" commonly refers to splitting the two software layers onto two different physical pieces of hardware. Multi-layer programs can be built on one tier, but because of operational preferences, many two-tier architectures use a computer for the first tier and a server for the second tier.

III) Three Tiered Architecture is a client-server architecture in which the functional process logic, data access, computer data storage and user interface are developed and maintained as independent modules on separate platforms. Three-tier architecture is a software design pattern and a well-established software architecture. Three-tier architecture allows any one of the three tiers to be upgraded or replaced independently. The user interface is implemented on a desktop PC and uses a standard graphical user interface with different modules running on the application server. The relational database management system on the database server contains the computer data storage logic. The middle tiers are usually multi tiered.

The three tiers in a three-tier architecture are:

• Presentation Tier: Occupies the top level and displays information related to services available on a website. This tier communicates with other tiers by sending results to the browser and other tiers in the network.
• Application Tier: Also called the middle tier, logic tier, business logic or logic tier, this tier is pulled from the presentation tier. It controls application functionality by performing detailed processing.
• Data Tier: Houses database servers where information is stored and retrieved. Data in this tier is kept independent of application servers or business logic.

Advantages of Interracial Marriage

             Mixed marriages are becoming more common and accepted by cultures throughout the world. Marriage can be difficult for any couple, but problems can be more intense for couples in a mixed marriage. However, mixed marriages are working and are working well for some people. Genetics between different cultures and races vary drastically. When these races are blended together, children can benefit. Each race has their own set of diseases or an increased rate of diseases. When children are born from a mixed marriage, their risk of developing a disease that is higher in a particular race can be reduced. Mixed marriages allow each person to learn about one another's cultures, religions and race. It is important for the couple to talk about each other's beliefs and values. Becoming a partner in a mixed marriage opens up the entire world for each partner. The history of the race and the family rituals and celebrations become part of each partner's world. Many couples in mixed marriages are exposed to an entirely new way of life including a new country or even a new language. A mixed marriage becomes a success and is full of benefits when it is started on the right foot. One of the best ways for couples to do this is to find an area that is tolerant and accepting of mixed marriages. When a mixed marriage is successful, the advantages for each person and the children can continue for generations.

Use of Technology in Teaching and Learning

             Technology ushers in fundamental structural changes that can be integral to achieving significant improvements in productivity. Used to support both teaching and learning, technology infuses classrooms with digital learning tools, such as computers and hand held devices,expands course offerings, experiences and learning materials, supports learning 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, builds 21st century skills increases student engagement and motivation and accelerates learning. Technology also has the power to transform teaching by ushering in a new model of connected teaching. This model links teachers to their students and to professional content, resources and systems to help them improve their own instruction and personalize learning.

Online learning opportunities and the use of open educational resources and other technologies can increase educational productivity by accelerating the rate of learning, reducing costs associated with instructional materials or program delivery and better utilizing teacher time.

• Virtual or online learning: 48 states and the District of Columbia currently support online learning opportunities that range from supplementing classroom instruction on an occasional basis to enrolling students in full-time programs. These opportunities include dual enrollment, credit recovery and summer school programs and can make courses such as Advanced Placement and honors or remediation classes available to students. Both core subjects and electives can be taken online, many supported by online learning materials. While some online schools or programs are homegrown, many others contract with private providers or other states to provide online learning opportunities.

• Full-time online schools: The following online or virtual schools enroll students on a full-time basis. Students enrolled in these schools are not attending a bricks and mortar school instead they receive all of their instruction and earn all of their credits through the online school.

Is My Child Learning Enough?

              One of the big questions most new home school ask is “How will I know if my child is learning?” When a child is in public school he or she is constantly tested. Each week there are spelling tests, there are chapter tests on a regular basis, and in many states there is standardized testing. Many parents of public school students decide that if the grades coming home on test papers and report cards are good, then their child must be learning. When students are pulled from a traditional school setting and placed in homeschooling it is sometimes difficult for the parent to know if the student is actually learning enough to keep up with their grade peers. A big problem is that home school students tend to not be tested as often as public school students. But is it really a problem and is testing the only way to know if a student is learning enough? One of the big questions most new home school ask is, “How will I know if my child is learning?”

When a child is in public school he or she is constantly tested. Each week there are spelling tests, there are chapter tests on a regular basis, and in many states there is standardized testing. Many parents of public school students decide that if the grades coming home on test papers and report cards are good, then their child must be learning.

When students are pulled from a traditional school setting and placed in homeschooling it is sometimes difficult for the parent to know if the student is actually learning enough to keep up with their grade peers. A big problem is that home school students tend to not be tested as often as public school students. But is it really a problem and is testing the only way to know if a student is learning enough?

  

10 Tips for Math Success

1.    Do all of the homework. Don’t ever think of homework as a choice. It’s the most important way that students practice and master the concepts taught in class. Set up a regular time and place that make doing the homework feel automatic.

2.    Fight not to miss class. Math class moves fast, teaching a new concept every day. What students do today builds towards tomorrow. Math punishes absences; to keep up, students have to make time to come back and learn what they missed. So if there’s an optional appointment to be made, take care not to schedule it during math

3.    Find a friend to be your study partner. We all have reasons for legitimate absences. So find a friend who will take good notes when you’re gone and will call that night to fill you in on the homework. This is good practice for the real world, where building positive relationships is necessary to thrive. In more advanced classes, it’s a good idea to build a study group to practice for tests.

4.    Establish a good relationship with the teacher. High school teachers have up to 175 students, so it’s important to distinguish yourself. During the first week of school, introduce yourself. Let your teacher know that you are interested in her class, and welcome the opportunity to learn. Ask questions that show you’re paying attention. Parents should also introduce themselves, via e-mail or at Back-To-School night. Teachers respond best to students who show that they care about the class.

5.    Analyse and understand every mistake. Our culture has become perfection- focused, and it’s tempting to ignore our mistakes. Students want to pass over a mistake made on homework or a test, to just let it go. But it’s important to fix mistakes and understand why they were made; otherwise we’re doomed to repeat them. Take time to figure out the thinking behind a mistake, and figure out how to do it right. Ask the teacher if you’re unclear. In advanced classes, it can be helpful to write a paragraph of reflection about why errors were made.

6.    Get help fast. If a student realizes that something is difficult, he should seek as much help as possible as quickly as possible. Teachers are very receptive to requests for extra help. Straighten out misunderstandings before they start to snowball.

7.    Don’t swallow your questions. Questions are the vehicle by which we learn. If you have one, ask it. Chances are that many of your students have the same question. Saying it out loud will help you, you’re classmates, and the teacher. Asking good questions is a lifelong skill, and school is a safe place to practice. The more questions we ask, the easier it gets. A good teacher will respect all questions. If you feel that your teacher embarrasses you for asking a question, talk to your parents and have them tell the administration; this is a serious problem.

8.    Basic skills are essential. Quick: what’s 9 times 7? To be successful, students must be able to answer this correctly in their sleep. The multiplication tables are the basis for most high school math problems. If your child doesn’t know them, practice! Make flash cards, buy a computer program, and practice, practice, practice.

9.    Algebra I must be mastered. Algebra I skills are crucial to later math courses. Students must master skills like solving systems of equations, graphing, slope, and simplification of radicals. Don’t push students to take Algebra I until their teacher says they are ready. And if their Algebra grade is below a C, strongly consider re-taking the class. Even in Calculus, most problems consist of one difficult step, followed by ten steps of Algebra.

Understand what the calculator is doing. It’s not enough to know how to use the calculator; students need to know what the answer means. They should ask themselves what the calculator is doing for them, and always analyse the calculator’s answer. For instance, if the teacher asks for “the square of negative three,” many students will type in “-3^2” which gives the answer “-9.” But the real answer is “(-3) ^2”, or 9. Students should play around with their calculators and become familiar with the way they work.